Unit III: Digital Documentation
Unit IV: Electronic Spreadsheet
Explore the world of Information Technology and Information Technology Enabled Services (IT–ITeS). Learn about the IT industry, its applications, career opportunities, business processes and the role of technology in modern society.
Information Technology (IT) refers to the use of computers, software, networks and digital systems to create, store, process, retrieve and communicate information.
IT plays an important role in almost every modern organisation, including schools, hospitals, banks, businesses and government departments.
Data consists of raw facts and figures.
Information is meaningful data that has been processed and organised.
Raw Data:
78, 85, 92, 67
↓ Processing
Information:
Average marks of studentsAn IT system usually consists of several important components:
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system.
Examples include:
Software is a collection of programs and instructions that tell a computer what to do.
Major categories include:
ITeS stands for Information Technology Enabled Services.
These are services that use Information Technology to improve, manage or deliver business processes and services.
IT focuses primarily on developing, managing and maintaining technology and information systems.
ITeS uses Information Technology to provide different types of services to organisations and customers.
BPO refers to the practice of assigning certain business processes to a specialised external service provider.
Common BPO activities may include:
Business Process Management involves analysing, managing and improving the processes used by an organisation.
Technology can help organisations make their processes faster, more accurate and easier to monitor.
KPO involves specialised knowledge-based services.
KPO activities may require expertise in areas such as:
LPO refers to the outsourcing of certain legal support and process-related services.
Technology can assist legal professionals in managing documents, organising information and performing other support activities.
Information Technology has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach.
IT is used to manage and process information in healthcare organisations.
Banks use IT to provide faster and more convenient services.
Businesses use IT to manage information and improve efficiency.
Government organisations use IT to provide digital services and manage public information.
Such systems can help make services more accessible and improve communication with citizens.
Technology can help farmers collect and use information for agricultural activities.
Examples include:
Information Technology enables people to communicate and share information quickly over long distances.
E-Commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through electronic networks.
Customers can search for products, place orders and make digital payments using online systems.
Many services are now delivered through websites and mobile applications.
Examples include:
The IT–ITeS industry connects organisations and professionals across different regions of the world.
Technology allows many services to be delivered remotely through computer networks and digital communication systems.
The IT industry offers a wide range of career opportunities.
IT-enabled services also provide employment in a variety of service-oriented roles.
Professionals in the IT–ITeS industry require a combination of technical and personal skills.
The IT industry continues to develop as new technologies emerge.
Cloud computing allows computing resources and services to be accessed through networks.
Examples include online storage, web-based applications and remotely hosted computing services.
Cybersecurity involves protecting computer systems, networks, applications and digital information from unauthorised access and harmful activities.
As organisations become more dependent on digital technology, cybersecurity becomes increasingly important.
Artificial Intelligence refers to technologies that enable computer systems to perform tasks involving pattern recognition, prediction, reasoning or decision-making.
AI is increasingly being used in software, services and intelligent digital systems.
The IT–ITeS industry is important because it supports:
Technology should be used responsibly and safely.
| Data | Information |
|---|---|
| Raw facts and figures. | Processed and meaningful data. |
| May not have a clear meaning by itself. | Helps users understand a situation. |
| Input for processing. | Output after processing data. |
| Example: 65, 72, 81 | Example: Marks obtained by three students. |
| Feature | Information Technology (IT) | IT Enabled Services (ITeS) |
|---|---|---|
| Main Focus | Technology and information systems. | Services delivered using technology. |
| Activities | Software, hardware, networks and systems. | Customer support, processing and business services. |
| Example | Developing a software application. | Providing technology-based customer support. |
| Relationship | Provides technology infrastructure. | Uses technology to deliver services. |
| Service | Meaning | Example Activity |
|---|---|---|
| BPO | Business Process Outsourcing | Customer support |
| KPO | Knowledge Process Outsourcing | Research and analysis |
| LPO | Legal Process Outsourcing | Legal support services |
| BPM | Business Process Management | Improving organisational processes |
| Sector | Application of IT |
|---|---|
| Education | Online learning and digital classrooms. |
| Healthcare | Digital records and hospital management. |
| Banking | Online and mobile banking. |
| Business | Billing and inventory management. |
| Government | Digital public services. |
| Agriculture | Crop monitoring and smart farming. |
| Communication | Email and video communication. |
| Commerce | Online shopping and digital payments. |
Input
↓
Data
↓
Processing
↓
Information
↓
Storage
↓
Communication / OutputAn information technology system receives data, processes it and produces useful information for users or other systems.
Observe your school, home or neighbourhood and identify ten examples of Information Technology.
For each example, write:
Choose one type of IT-enabled service such as customer support, online education, digital banking or e-commerce.
Find out:
Select one career from the IT–ITeS industry and prepare a short career profile.
Identify a real-life problem that can be solved using Information Technology.
Design a simple digital service and explain:
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Information Technology | The use of digital technologies to process, store and communicate information. |
| ITeS | Information Technology Enabled Services. |
| Data | Raw facts and figures. |
| Information | Meaningful data after processing. |
| BPO | Business Process Outsourcing. |
| KPO | Knowledge Process Outsourcing. |
| LPO | Legal Process Outsourcing. |
| BPM | Business Process Management. |
| Hardware | The physical components of a computer system. |
| Software | A collection of programs and instructions. |
| Cloud Computing | Accessing computing services and resources through networks. |
| Cybersecurity | Protecting digital systems and information from cyber threats. |
| E-Commerce | Buying and selling goods or services electronically. |
| Digital Service | A service provided using digital technologies. |
Information Technology is used to create, process, store, retrieve and communicate information using digital technologies.
Information Technology Enabled Services use IT infrastructure and digital systems to deliver services and support business processes.
The IT–ITeS industry includes areas such as software development, customer support, business process outsourcing, knowledge services, digital communication and online services.
IT is used in education, healthcare, banking, business, government, agriculture and many other sectors.
The industry provides numerous career opportunities and continues to evolve with technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, IoT, Robotics and Cybersecurity.
Learn the essential skills required to enter data accurately and efficiently using a computer keyboard. Explore touch typing, keyboard layout, typing posture, home-row keys and techniques for improving typing speed and accuracy.
Data entry is the process of entering, updating or recording data in a computer system.
Data can be entered using different input devices such as:
Accurate and efficient data entry is important in many personal, educational and professional activities.
Good data-entry skills help in:
A keyboard is an input device used to enter letters, numbers, symbols and commands into a computer.
A standard computer keyboard contains different groups of keys designed for specific purposes.
The keys on a standard keyboard can be grouped into different categories.
Alphanumeric keys are used to enter letters, numbers and common symbols.
Examples include:
Function keys are usually located at the top of the keyboard.
They are labelled from F1 to F12.
Their functions may vary depending on the operating system or software application being used.
Control keys are used to perform commands or modify the function of other keys.
Common control keys include:
Navigation keys help move the cursor or document view.
The numeric keypad is generally located on the right side of a full-sized keyboard.
It is useful for entering numerical data quickly and efficiently.
The Num Lock key controls the numeric-entry function of the keypad on many keyboards.
Touch typing is a method of typing in which a person uses the keyboard through finger placement and practice, without continuously looking at the keys.
Touch typing focuses on:
The home row is the starting position for the fingers while touch typing.
Left Hand: A S D F
Right Hand: J K L ;The keys F and J usually have small raised marks that help users locate the correct finger position without looking at the keyboard.
Each finger is generally responsible for typing specific keys.
During touch typing, the keyboard can be understood as different zones that are reached by specific fingers.
After pressing a key, the fingers should generally return to their appropriate home-row position.
Good posture helps make typing more comfortable and supports healthy computer use.
The keyboard should be positioned so that the user can type comfortably without unnecessary strain.
Avoid excessive bending of the wrists while typing.
Typing accuracy refers to the correctness of the characters entered by a typist.
Accurate typing is often more important than simply typing very quickly.
Correct text:
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Typed text:
INFORMATION TEHCNOLOGY
The second entry contains an error.Typing speed refers to how quickly a person enters text using the keyboard.
Typing speed is commonly measured using:
Words Per Minute (WPM) is a common measure of typing speed.
It represents the approximate number of words typed in one minute.
Typing accuracy can be expressed as a percentage.
Accuracy (%) =
Correct Entries
──────────────── × 100
Total EntriesThe exact method of calculation may vary depending on the typing application or assessment system.
Ergonomics refers to arranging the workspace and equipment to support comfort, safety and efficient work.
Good typing ergonomics can include:
Keyboarding is a practical skill that improves through repeated and consistent practice.
Regular practice helps develop familiarity with the keyboard and improves confidence while entering data.
Data-entry skills are used in many environments.
A data entry operator enters and manages information in a computer-based system.
Important responsibilities may include:
Some information entered into computer systems may be private or confidential.
A responsible data-entry professional should:
| Key | Function |
|---|---|
| Enter | Moves to a new line or confirms a command. |
| Spacebar | Inserts a blank space. |
| Backspace | Deletes characters to the left of the cursor. |
| Delete | Deletes characters to the right of the cursor. |
| Shift | Types capital letters or upper symbols when used with another key. |
| Caps Lock | Enables continuous capital-letter typing. |
| Tab | Moves the cursor to the next tab position. |
| Esc | Often cancels or closes the current operation. |
| Ctrl | Used with other keys to perform keyboard commands. |
| Alt | Used with other keys for special commands. |
| Hand | Finger | Home Key |
|---|---|---|
| Left Hand | Little Finger | A |
| Left Hand | Ring Finger | S |
| Left Hand | Middle Finger | D |
| Left Hand | Index Finger | F |
| Right Hand | Index Finger | J |
| Right Hand | Middle Finger | K |
| Right Hand | Ring Finger | L |
| Right Hand | Little Finger | ; |
| Both Hands | Thumbs | Spacebar |
| Measure | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Typing Speed | How quickly text is entered. |
| WPM | Words typed per minute. |
| CPM | Characters typed per minute. |
| Accuracy | Correctness of the entered text. |
| Error Rate | The amount or proportion of typing errors. |
Collect Data
↓
Check Data
↓
Enter Data
↓
Review for Errors
↓
Correct Errors
↓
Save / Submit InformationAccurate data entry requires careful attention at every stage of the process.
Observe a computer keyboard and identify the following groups of keys:
Write the name and function of at least ten important keys.
Place your fingers on the correct home-row keys and practise the following sequence:
a s d f j k l ;
a s d f j k l ;
asdf jkl;
asdf jkl;Focus on correct finger placement and accuracy before increasing your typing speed.
Type a short paragraph for one minute.
Record:
Repeat the activity after regular practice and compare your performance.
Enter the following information into a table using a computer:
Name Class Marks
Aarav IX-A 86
Diya IX-A 91
Kabir IX-B 78
Meera IX-B 95
Rohan IX-C 82After entering the data, check carefully for:
Create a one-week typing improvement plan.
| Day | Practice Activity | Time | Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Home-row practice | 10 minutes | Finger placement |
| Day 2 | Letter practice | 10 minutes | Accuracy |
| Day 3 | Word practice | 10 minutes | Accuracy |
| Day 4 | Sentence typing | 10 minutes | Rhythm |
| Day 5 | Paragraph typing | 10 minutes | Speed and accuracy |
| Day 6 | Typing test | 10 minutes | Performance measurement |
| Day 7 | Final typing challenge | 10 minutes | Compare improvement |
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Data Entry | The process of entering or updating data in a computer system. |
| Keyboard | An input device used to enter text, numbers and commands. |
| Touch Typing | A method of typing using correct finger placement without continuously looking at the keys. |
| Home Row | The basic finger position used while touch typing. |
| Alphanumeric Keys | Keys used to enter letters, numbers and certain symbols. |
| Function Keys | Special keys generally labelled F1 to F12. |
| Control Keys | Keys used to perform commands or modify the function of other keys. |
| Navigation Keys | Keys used to move the cursor or document view. |
| Numeric Keypad | A section of a keyboard designed for efficient numerical entry. |
| Typing Speed | The rate at which text is entered using a keyboard. |
| WPM | Words Per Minute. |
| CPM | Characters Per Minute. |
| Typing Accuracy | The correctness of typed text. |
| Ergonomics | The arrangement of equipment and workspace to support comfort and efficient work. |
| Confidentiality | The responsibility to protect private or sensitive information. |
Data entry is the process of entering and managing information in computer-based systems. Accurate data entry is important because incorrect information can affect records, decisions and services.
The keyboard is an important input device. Its keys include alphanumeric, function, control, navigation and special-purpose keys.
Touch typing involves correct finger placement and regular practice. The home-row keys provide the basic starting position for efficient typing.
Good posture, proper ergonomics, accuracy and regular practice can help students develop effective keyboarding skills.
Data-entry professionals must also work responsibly by protecting private information and checking their work for errors.
Learn how to create effective digital presentations using presentation software. Explore slides, layouts, text formatting, images, tables, animations, transitions and other tools used to communicate ideas visually and effectively.
A digital presentation is a collection of electronically created slides used to present information to an audience.
Presentations can combine text, images, charts, tables, audio, video and animations to communicate information effectively.
A presentation is an organised way of communicating ideas, information or messages to an audience.
A good presentation should be:
A slide is a single page or screen of a digital presentation.
A presentation usually contains multiple slides arranged in a logical sequence.
Presentation
│
├── Slide 1: Title
├── Slide 2: Introduction
├── Slide 3: Main Content
├── Slide 4: Examples
└── Slide 5: ConclusionDigital presentations are used in many situations.
Presentation software is used to create, edit and display digital presentations.
Common features of presentation software include:
LibreOffice Impress is presentation software used to create slide-based digital presentations.
It provides tools for creating and designing slides, inserting different types of content and presenting information to an audience.
The presentation workspace contains different areas that help users create and manage slides.
A new presentation can be created by opening presentation software and selecting the option to create a new presentation.
A presentation can begin with:
A slide layout determines how different placeholders and content areas are arranged on a slide.
Common layouts include:
Text can be entered into a slide using text placeholders or text boxes.
Text formatting can include:
Formatting improves the appearance and readability of text.
Important guidelines include:
Bullets and numbering help organise information into short, readable points.
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Storage Devices
1. Collect Data
2. Process Data
3. Display InformationImages can make a presentation more engaging and easier to understand.
Images should be:
Objects such as images, shapes and text boxes can be moved, resized and arranged on a slide.
Proper alignment helps create a neat and professional-looking presentation.
Presentation software allows users to insert different shapes.
Examples include:
Shapes can be used to highlight information and create simple diagrams.
Input
↓
Processing
↓
OutputAvoid adding too many decorative shapes that distract from the main message.
Tables are useful for presenting structured information.
A table consists of:
Charts help represent numerical information visually.
Common chart types include:
A theme provides a consistent visual design for a presentation.
A template is a pre-designed presentation that can be modified to create new presentations quickly.
The background is the area behind the content of a slide.
A suitable background should make the content easy to read.
An animation is a visual effect applied to an object on a slide.
An object can be made to appear, disappear, move or change emphasis during a presentation.
A slide transition is a visual effect that occurs when one slide changes to another during a slideshow.
Slide 1
↓ Transition
Slide 2
↓ Transition
Slide 3These two effects are different:
Audio can be inserted into a presentation when it supports the purpose of the presentation.
Examples include:
Videos can be used to demonstrate a process or explain a topic visually.
Videos should be relevant and should not unnecessarily interrupt the flow of the presentation.
A hyperlink connects an object or text to another resource.
A hyperlink may connect to:
Action buttons are interactive objects that can be used to navigate within a presentation.
They can help create interactive presentations.
🏠 Home → Introduction
➡️ Next → Next Slide
⬅️ Back → Previous Slide
❓ Quiz → Question SlideSlides can be navigated using:
Presentation software provides options to manage slides.
Slides should be arranged in a logical sequence.
Introduction
↓
Main Topic
↓
Examples
↓
Analysis
↓
ConclusionA slideshow displays the presentation in full-screen mode for an audience.
Before presenting:
A digital presentation is more effective when combined with good communication skills.
Planning should be done before creating the slides.
The design and language of a presentation should be appropriate for the audience.
Consider:
Effective slides communicate information without overwhelming the audience.
A good presentation should be designed so that as many people as possible can understand its content.
Good practices include:
Presentations should be saved regularly to prevent loss of work.
It is also useful to maintain organised filenames and folders.
Good File Name:
Digital_Presentation_IX_Anant.pptx
Avoid:
finalnewlastpresentation123.pptxA presentation may be exported into another format depending on the purpose.
For example, a presentation may be exported for sharing, printing or viewing on another device.
Images, audio, video and text used in presentations should be used responsibly.
| Component | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Slide | A single screen or page of a presentation. |
| Layout | Defines the arrangement of content on a slide. |
| Text Box | Used to enter and display text. |
| Image | Provides visual information. |
| Table | Displays structured information. |
| Chart | Displays numerical information visually. |
| Animation | Applies an effect to an object. |
| Transition | Applies an effect when moving between slides. |
| Hyperlink | Connects to another resource or location. |
| Feature | Animation | Transition |
|---|---|---|
| Applied To | An object on a slide. | A slide. |
| Purpose | Controls how an object appears, moves or changes. | Controls how one slide changes to another. |
| Example | A title appears gradually. | Slide 1 fades into Slide 2. |
| Layout | Suitable Use |
|---|---|
| Title Slide | Beginning a presentation. |
| Title and Content | Presenting headings and main information. |
| Two Content | Displaying two related types of content. |
| Comparison | Comparing two ideas or objects. |
| Title Only | Creating a customised content arrangement. |
| Blank | Creating a completely customised slide. |
Choose Topic
↓
Identify Audience
↓
Collect Information
↓
Organise Content
↓
Create Slides
↓
Add Visual Elements
↓
Review and Edit
↓
Practise
↓
PresentPlanning and reviewing the presentation are important steps in creating an effective final product.
Create a five-slide presentation on a topic of your choice.
Use appropriate formatting and at least one image.
Create one informative slide on the topic "Importance of Information Technology".
Your slide should contain:
Create a three-slide presentation and apply:
Observe how animations and transitions affect the presentation. Discuss why excessive effects may reduce clarity.
Create a presentation slide containing information about student participation in different school activities.
Represent the information using:
Create an interactive digital presentation on "Cyber Safety" or another topic approved by your teacher.
Your presentation should contain:
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Digital Presentation | A collection of digital slides used to communicate information. |
| Slide | A single screen or page of a presentation. |
| Presentation Software | Software used to create and display digital presentations. |
| Slide Layout | The arrangement of content areas on a slide. |
| Template | A pre-designed presentation that can be modified. |
| Theme | A coordinated visual design used across a presentation. |
| Animation | A visual effect applied to an object on a slide. |
| Transition | A visual effect used when changing from one slide to another. |
| Hyperlink | A connection to another resource, file, website or location. |
| Action Button | An interactive object used for navigation or another action. |
| Slideshow | The full-screen display of presentation slides. |
| Chart | A graphical representation of numerical data. |
| Ergonomics | The design of a workspace to support comfort and effective work. |
| Accessibility | Designing content so that it can be understood and used by a wide range of people. |
A digital presentation is a collection of slides used to communicate ideas and information to an audience. Presentation software provides tools for creating slides and adding text, images, tables, charts, audio, video and other multimedia content.
Effective presentations require careful planning, clear organisation, readable text and meaningful visual elements. Slide layouts, themes and templates help maintain a consistent design.
Animations apply effects to objects on a slide, while transitions apply effects when moving from one slide to another.
A successful presenter should understand the topic, know the audience, practise the presentation and use slides as a visual aid rather than simply reading every word from the screen.
Digital content should be used responsibly by respecting copyright, verifying information and using appropriate sources.