Learning Objectives
- Understand what a robot is.
- Identify the main parts of a robot.
- Learn the difference between sensors and actuators.
- Understand the role of a controller.
- Observe robots used in everyday life.
What is a Robot?
A robot is a machine that can perform tasks automatically or with very little human help.
Some robots can think, sense their surroundings and perform work using programmed instructions.
Examples
- 🤖 Vacuum Cleaning Robot
- 🏭 Factory Robot
- 🚗 Self-driving Car
- 🏥 Medical Robot
- 🚀 Space Exploration Robot
Main Parts of a Robot
| Part |
Function |
| Sensor |
Collects information from surroundings. |
| Controller |
Acts as the brain of the robot. |
| Actuator |
Performs the action. |
| Power Supply |
Provides energy to the robot. |
Sensors
Sensors help robots understand what is happening around them.
They collect information from the environment.
Examples
- 👀 Light Sensor
- 🌡 Temperature Sensor
- 📏 Distance Sensor
- 🤚 Touch Sensor
- 🎤 Sound Sensor
Actuators
Actuators help robots perform physical actions.
They convert electrical energy into movement.
Examples
- ⚙ Motor
- 💡 LED
- 🔔 Buzzer
- 🦾 Robotic Arm
Controller
The controller is called the brain of the robot.
It receives information from sensors, processes it and sends commands to actuators.
Examples
- Arduino Uno
- Micro:bit
- Raspberry Pi
- ESP32
How a Robot Works
- Sensor detects information.
- Controller processes the information.
- Controller makes a decision.
- Actuator performs the required action.
Classroom Activity
Imagine you are designing a School Security Robot.
List:
- 3 Sensors it should use.
- 3 Actuators it should have.
- What work it will perform.
Quick Quiz
- What is a robot?
- Name any two sensors.
- Name two actuators.
- Which part is called the brain of a robot?
- Why do robots need sensors?
Key Takeaways
- ✔ Robots perform tasks automatically.
- ✔ Sensors collect information.
- ✔ Controllers make decisions.
- ✔ Actuators perform actions.
- ✔ All four parts work together to complete a task.
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